• People with disabilities with higher levels of self-determination are healthier, more likely to be employed, earn more per hour, and experience more independence. – Wehmeyer & Schwartz

• When denied self-determination, individuals with disabilities are more likely to feel helpless, hopeless, and passive, and are at greater risk of abuse. – Khemka, I., L.Hickson & G. Reynolds 2

Since self-determination skills are most effectively learned and developed by practicing them, individuals with disabilities should be given ample opportunity to make choices and to use their self-advocacy, decision-making and problem-solving skills.

• start early

• have high expectations and communicate those expectations – “I believe in you” are the four most powerful words you can say to a child

• don’t let your child’s disability get in the way of taking responsibility – disability is never an excuse

• encourage your child to explore their interests – avoid limiting options to only those designed specifically for individuals with disabilities

• encourage problem solving

• promote self-advocacy

• develop goal setting and planning

• help your child understand his or her disability – strengths and needed supports

• promote reasonable risk taking – walk the tight rope between protection & independence