Self-determination “encompasses concepts such as free will, civil and human rights, freedom of choice, independence, personal agency, self-direction, and individual responsibility” (University of Illinois at Chicago National Research & Training Center, 2002).

Self-Determination is…

• a natural part of life

• a combination of attitudes and abilities that lead a person to create a meaningful life based on their own wants, needs, desires and dreams

• about being in charge, but is not necessarily the same thing as self-sufficiency or independence

• person-centered & person-directed

• the counterpart to self-advocacy

• based on five principals (S.C.A.R.F)

• People with disabilities with higher levels of self-determination are healthier, more likely to be employed, earn more per hour, and experience more independence. – Wehmeyer & Schwartz

• When denied self-determination, individuals with disabilities are more likely to feel helpless, hopeless, and passive, and are at greater risk of abuse. – Khemka, I., L.Hickson & G. Reynolds 2

Since self-determination skills are most effectively learned and developed by practicing them, individuals with disabilities should be given ample opportunity to make choices and to use their self-advocacy, decision-making and problem-solving skills.

• start early

• have high expectations and communicate those expectations – “I believe in you” are the four most powerful words you can say to a child

• don’t let your child’s disability get in the way of taking responsibility – disability is never an excuse

• encourage your child to explore their interests – avoid limiting options to only those designed specifically for individuals with disabilities

• encourage problem solving

• promote self-advocacy

• develop goal setting and planning

• help your child understand his or her disability – strengths and needed supports

• promote reasonable risk taking – walk the tight rope between protection & independence